Un tribunal francès anul·la la prohibició municipal del burkini a la platja

El jutjat ha suspès l’ordre municipal de prohibir l´ús del burkini a Carry‑le‑Rouet (Marsella). La decisió judicial autoritza l’ús del burkini a tot França i estableix que els alcaldes no el poden prohibir.

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Les autoritats administratives de la ciutat de Carry‑le‑Rouet, a la regió de Marsella, havien prohibit el burkini a les platges al·legant arguments de seguretat com la manca de flotabilitat. El juny del 2024 l’alcalde René‑Francis Carpentier va promulgar un decret que segons ell pretenia «garantir la salvaguarda dels banyistes i la immunitat dels socorristes», assegurant que el burkini dóna menys flotabilitat i perillositat per a possibles rescatadors.

El 2 de juliol de 2025 una jove de 18 anys va ser expulsada de la platja mentre estava al mar amb un burkini. La policia municipal li va ordenar sortir de l’aigua i li va advertir que era una indumentària «inacceptable». La situació de tensió va fer que fins a cinc gendarmes haguessin d’actuar i advertir la noia i la seva família que s’exposaven a multes si no s’allunyaven.

El tribunal suspèn la prhibició del burkini per vulnerar llibertats fonamentals

Pocs dies després de l’incident a la platja, el Tribunal Administratiu de Marsella va suspendre el decreto municipal, considerant-lo “una vulneració greument i manifestament il·legal de les llibertats fonamentals”. La decisió judicial assenyala que no hi havia cap risc real per l’ordre públic ni evidències del perill al qual s’apuntava. El tribunal va qüestionar la justificació basada en la flotabilitat, afirmant que és poc realista.

De forma gairebé paral·lela, el 15 de juliol de 2025 l’alcalde de Mandelieu‑la‑Napoule, a la Costa d’Azur, va emetre un decret que prohibia «les vestimentes que manifestin de manera ostensible una afiliació religiosa», incloent el burkini. La Lliga de Drets Humans va recórrer la mesura i el Tribunal Administratiu de Nitsa la va suspendre l’endemà, considerant-la discriminatoris i carent de justificació per risc de desordre públic

El burkini està permès a totes les platges de França

Amb aquesta resolució, la situació queda definida: el burkini serà autoritzat a les platges dels municipis afectats aquest estiu. Es manté així l’orientació predominant de la jurisprudència francesa que protegeix l’expressió religiosa a l’espai públic, sempre que no es generi un risc real o una alteració de l’ordre públic.

Les decisions dels alcaldes s’emmarquen en una jurisprudència consolidada per part del Consell d’Estat francès, que des de 2016 ha assenyalat que només es poden prohibir vestimentes religioses a l’espai públic si existeix un risc concret per l’ordre públic. La interpretació jurídica sosté que les autoritats municipals no poden aplicar una prohibició dirigida exclusivament al burkini sense vulnerar la llibertat de consciència, la llibertat de circular i el dret a la igualtat.

El rebuig judicial ha estat ressaltat pels defensors de la llibertat personal, que consideren que aquesta mesura era una forma de discriminació indirecta amb motiu religiós. En canvi, alguns representants municipals van argumentar que només pretenien «evitar problemes» derivats de l’exhibició religiosa ostensiva a la platja i garantir la seguretat, tot i que aquestes justificacions no han resistit el control judicial.

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