Portugal fa història i prohibeix l’ús del burka i el niqab en espais públics

Portugal s’afegeix a la llista de països europeus que ja han prohibit el burka i el niqab, com França, Bèlgica, Dinamarca, Àustria, Suïssa o Països Baixos

Dona amb niqab

Imatge de zibik a Pixabay

El 17 d’octubre de 2025, el parlament portuguès va aprovar un projecte de llei per prohibir el burka i el niqab en la majoria d’espais públics. La proposta per prohibir el burka i el niqab va ser aprovada amb els vots de la dreta i centredreta (Chega, PSD, IL i CDS-PP). En canvi, la esquerra (PS, Livre, BE i PCP) hi va votar en contra, mentre que PAN i JPP es van abstenir.

Segons el text aprovat, qui cobreixi completament el rostre en espais públics podrà ser sancionat amb multes de 200 a 4.000 euros, i qui obligui algú a portar vel podrà ser penalitzat amb fins a tres anys de presó.

«Que se’n vagin», diu el líder de Chega

El partit Chega, impulsor de la llei, va defensar la prohibició del burka i el niqab com una mesura per protegir la dignitat de la dona i per garantir la seguretat pública. El seu líder, André Ventura, va ser taxatiu: «Que se’n vagin, tornin les ajudes i no vinguin més», en referència a les persones que no acceptin aquestes normes de convivència. Segons ell, el vel integral perpetua la submissió femenina i és incompatible amb els valors europeus de llibertat i igualtat.

Els partits que li van donar suport —PSD, Iniciativa Liberal i CDS-PP— van coincidir a subratllar que cobrir completament el rostre no és un dret religiós, sinó una pràctica cultural que limita la integració. Per a aquests grups, la nova legislació és necessària per defensar els drets fonamentals de les dones i per assegurar que la societat portuguesa es regeix pels mateixos valors de transparència i igualtat.

Queixes dels musulmans i els partits d’esquerres

Les principals associacions musulmanes de Portugal han rebutjat amb fermesa la nova llei. Denuncien que es tracta d’una mesura discriminatòria i estigmatitzant, que afecta una minoria molt petita i que acabarà criminalitzant dones que simplement volen viure la seva fe. El gran imant de Lisboa va remarcar que a Portugal hi ha com a molt unes cent dones amb burka, “exagerant molt”, i que, per tant, la prohibició respon més a un debat polític que no pas a una necessitat social real.

Els partits d’esquerra —PS, Livre, Bloco de Esquerda i PCP— van votar en contra perquè consideren que la llei vulnera la llibertat religiosa i el dret a l’expressió individual. Van criticar que es presenti com una mesura d’igualtat de gènere, quan en realitat serveix per assenyalar i marginar una comunitat concreta. El diputat socialista Pedro Delgado Alves va remarcar que “ningú se sent còmode amb la submissió sota un vel integral, però això no justifica una llei genèrica que ataca una minoria”.

Per a l’esquerra, la prohibició és més un gest simbòlic per satisfer l’agenda de l’extrema dreta que no pas una resposta real a un problema social. Adverteixen que el debat sobre el burka i el niqab pot alimentar la islamofòbia i posar en risc la convivència, en comptes de reforçar-la.

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