Islamism in Africa has already killed more than 150,000 people in 10 years
In 2023 and 2024, they murdered about 42,000 people, which is almost 28% of all deaths linked to armed Islamism in Africa in the last decade.
A meeting between civilians and peacekeepers
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Violence linked to militant Islamist groups such as Boko Haram, JNIM or Al-Shabaab has left a devastating trail across Africa for more than a decade. According to data from the Africa Centre for Strategic Studies According to international humanitarian sources, more than 150,000 people have lost their lives between 2015 and 2024 as a direct result of these armed conflicts. Between 2023 and 2024 alone, 42,000 people have died, a figure representing almost 28 per cent of all victims of the decade.
The Sahel, epicentre of Muslim violence
The Sahel region—particularly Burkina Faso, Mali and Niger—concentrates the majority of the violence. In 2024 alone, 55 per cent of the African victims of Islamist attacks died in this area. Burkina Faso has been the most affected country, with 6,389 deaths in a single year, followed by Mali with 2,443.
Since 2021, several countries in the Sahel have suffered military coups., But the new governments have failed to contain the jihadist expansion.. On the contrary, the military authorities in Mali, Burkina Faso and Niger have expelled international forces and weakened the coordinated response with African and Western partners. Several reports warn that Jihadist groups not only act as armed insurgents, but also exercise authority over entire territories., imposing parallel systems of justice, tax collection and recruitment. In some cases, territorial control is accompanied by a Strict application of Sharia law.
One of the most serious incidents took place in August 2024 in Barsalogho, where more than 600 civilians were killed in a single day in an operation attributed to JNIM. A few months earlier, an attack on a military base in Mansila left more than 100 soldiers dead. In September, in Bamako, between 77 and 100 military personnel lost their lives in a series of sabotage attacks on military and government infrastructure.
Strategies against violent extremism in Africa
Efforts to combat violent extremism in Africa go far beyond military action and adopt a comprehensive prevention strategy. The Countering Violent Extremism (CVE) initiatives of the Africa Center emphasise the need to combine security measures with community, educational and governance programmes that address the root causes of radicalism, such as lack of opportunities, corruption, marginalisation and reduced institutional effectiveness. This cross-cutting approach recognises that force alone is not sufficient to stop recruitment processes or violent ideologies.
With more than 150,000 deaths in a decade, Armed Islamist extremism has become one of the main drivers of violence in Africa.. The rising rate of casualties recorded between 2023 and 2024 confirms that this is not a one-off phenomenon, but a structural crisis affecting large regions of the continent, particularly the Sahel and Somalia. Despite the intensification of military efforts, current responses have been unable to halt the expansion or destructive capacity of jihadist groups.
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