Daguestan (Rússia) anuncia controls policials contra dones amb niqab

Les autoritats afirmen que es tracta d’una mesura preventiva per motius de seguretat.

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Segons ha informat el portal rus Islam News, el Ministeri d’Afers Interns de Daguestan (MVD) han confirmat l’inici de controls policials dirigits a dones que portin niqab —el vel islàmic que cobreix el rostre— en espais públics de la regió.

Les accions consisteixen en verificacions d’identitat i inspeccions en llocs públics, especialment a la capital, Makhachkala. Tot i que no s’ha aprovat cap llei nova i el niqab és legal, les autoritats consideren que cal aplicar aquestes mesures per «garantir la seguretat i l’ordre públic davant possibles amenaces«. També afirmen que les inspeccions no estan dirigides contra el niqab com a símbol religiós, sinó contra l’ús de vestimenta que pugui dificultar la identificació de persones sospitoses en operatius relacionats amb la criminalitat o el terrorisme.

Acusacions de persecució religiosa

Aquestes operacions han estat interpretades per part de la població com una possible persecució religiosa, fet que ha provocat reaccions a les xarxes socials i mitjans locals. En declaracions recollides per IslamNews , les autoritats insisteixen que no es persegueixen les dones pel seu aspecte religiós, sinó que es tracta d’operacions puntuals per buscar persones sospitoses de delictes concrets.

A Daguestan hi ha sectors islàmics radicals que rebutgen el model d’estat laic de Rússia. El seu gran enemic és el muftí, Akhmad-Afandi Abdullayev, després que aquest demanés públicament la prohibició del niqab. Segons ell, les dones que es cobreixen completament la cara generen inquietud entre la població, especialment entre les persones que utilitzen el transport públic. El líder religiós adverteix que el niqab pot ser utilitzat com a disfressa per persones perilloses, inclosos possibles terroristes. Va arribar a declarar que «a Daguestan, quan una persona amb niqab entra a l’autobús, molts passatgers baixen a la primera parada que poden, per por que aquella persona actuï de manera imprevisible, sigui home o dona. Tothom busca una excusa per marxar de pressa”.

El ministre de l’Interior de Daguestan, Abdurashid Magomedov, també considera que «les dones amb niqab poden representar un risc per la seguretat, i per això s’intensifiquen les inspeccions«.

Islam i seguretat al Caucas Nord

Daguestan, república del Caucas Nord i part de la Federació Russa, és una regió amb una majoria musulmana sunnita i una forta diversitat ètnica. En el passat, ha estat escenari de conflictes vinculats a l’extremisme islamista i per això, les autoritats hi mantenen un alt grau de control policial.

El niqab no està prohibit a Rússia malgrat les peticions d’autoritats polítiques i religioses del Daguestan. Davant l’oposició de Moscú, les autoritats locals han optat per la persecució policial en nom de la seguretat. En no rebre el suport legislatiu de les autoritats federals, el muftí del Daguestan va decidir emetre una fatwa (una opinió religiosa basada en la xaria) amb l’objectiu de prohibir el nicab. Segons ell i altres líders religiosos musulmans locals, aquesta vestimenta no forma part de la tradició, és un símbol importat del món àrab i pot aïllar socialment les dones.

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